According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), a supervolcano is any volcanic center that has explosively erupted at least 1,000 cubic kilometers (240 cubic miles) of fresh volcanic material in a sudden, violent manner. Yellowstone is a supervolcano, one of the largest and most active volcanic systems in the world. It has produced some of the most massive eruptions in Earth’s history. The Yellowstone Caldera was formed by a series of catastrophic supereruptions over the past 2.1 million years.
Huckleberry Ridge Eruption (2.1 million years ago) was one of the largest volcanic eruptions ever recorded. It ejected about 2,450 cubic kilometers of material. It managed to form the Island Park Caldera (the first Yellowstone caldera).
Then there was the Mesa Falls Eruption (1.3 million years ago). This was a smaller but still massive eruption that ejected about 280 cubic kilometers of material. That created the Henry’s Fork Caldera.
Then came the Lava Creek Eruption (approximately 640,000 years ago). This was the most recent supereruption, ejecting approximately 1,000 cubic kilometers of material, which formed the Yellowstone Caldera (approximately 30 x 45 miles wide).
The volcanic activity is never confined to a single volcano. They correlate to activity. Yes, there were significant volcanic eruptions between 150 AD and 200 AD. One of the most notable was the 186 AD eruption of Lake TaupÅ (New Zealand), also known as the Hatepe eruption. That was a big one, VEI 7, one of the most powerful eruptions in the last 5,000 years. This produced massive pyroclastic flows and ashfall that caused global climatic effects and a volcanic winter. The Chinese recorded red sunsets and Roman texts around this time. Of course, Mount Vesuvius (Italy) made its famous 79 AD eruption, and Vesuvius remained active, with possibly more minor eruptions around this time of 150AD.
In more modern times, Yellowstone has experienced smaller eruptions and lava flows, with the most recent one occurring approximately 70,000 years ago. A massive reservoir of molten rock currently lies beneath Yellowstone, fueling its geysers and hot springs. The volcano is perhaps overdue for an eruption. If it erupted, it could be catastrophic (global climate effects, ash fallout), but the most likely activity would be smaller lava flows.
Currently, Italy’s Campi Flegrei volcano has been showing signs for the first time in nearly 400 years that it is still active and capable of causing significant disruption, potentially affecting a large number of people. It is one of the most dangerous, given its proximity to the population. Campi Flegrei is experiencing heightened activity, including increased seismic activity and ground uplift. Scientists are closely monitoring the situation due to the potential for phreatic (steam-driven) explosions and the region’s history of volcanic activity.
What we must understand about cycles is that, given our entry into this high in July 2025, we have witnessed much higher volatility than expected.
That said, if we are to experience a similar event to the Sun falling into a Maunder-minimum-like (inactive) state (1645-1715), which created the mini-Ice Age, it appears that we must be concerned, as it has been 309.6 years since that event in general. If we observe an equally violent contraction, then we should expect greater activity from the Ring of Fire, and that 2022 marked a significant low in earthquakes.
Solar Minima appear to be occurring close to a 309.6-year cycle. There have been many studies on the impact of UV and gamma radiation during solar changes and events.
What becomes concerning is the potential for a pole shift.
My concern on a correlation basis is that what we do know is that the Earth’s magnetic field has been weakening over the past 160+ years (by about 9% per century since 1840). Then there is the South Atlantic Anomaly (a region over the Atlantic where the field is unusually weak), which some scientists suggest could be an early sign of instability, and this is growing.
Studies of past reversals (like the Laschamps Excursion, 41,000 years ago) show that field strength drops significantly before a reversal.
It appears that as the field weakens, this should result in greater volatility in volcanic activity as we enter solar minimum.
That raises the risk of a catastrophic volcanic winter period after 2029, which would extend into our computer target for 2032. This is why I suggest that you should have 2 years of food in reserve. What correlates with all of this is the disease cycle. Plagues follow volcanic winters for food production declines, and as malnutrition rises, so does disease.
I believe that people prefer to assume uniformity rather than a catastrophe. When people raise the question of a pole shift, they write it off as a Y2K Alarm Bell and thus a conspiracy theory. A stalagmite-based paleomagnetic record of the post-Blake excursion reveals that repeated polarity drifts have occurred during periods of low geomagnetic field intensity, approximately 100,000 years before present, around the time of the Naples Supervolcano eruption.
One surprisingly abrupt centennial reversal transition occurred in 144,000 years, providing unprecedented evidence that raises fundamental questions about the speed of geomagnetic field shifts. Such rapid polarity changes could severely affect satellites and human society in the future if the current geomagnetic field intensity continues to decrease.
We have a pole shift, climate change, and volcanic eruptions seem to be interlinked on a correlated basis.
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